INTUITIVE TOP DEFINITIONS
| Science |
Science
is a humans' activity and its products relaying on the modeling of the
(existing) real world entities and events, on the base of
observed/measured
concepts according to the scientific method.
This modeling
can be done
from the different perspectives, on different conceptualization
platforms
(ontologies), and its conceptual products have to be verified.
- In the
context of cognitive
science: every science produces knowledge.
and hypotheses.
- In the
expression 'X
science', X usually indicates a domain/subsystem of the real world
(domain of interest).
Ref.
|
| Engineering |
Engineering
is a humans'
or
artifacts activity focused on the goal-oriented and planned production
of systems.
- Such
specification is also
called "engineering paradigm".
- In the
expression 'X
engineering', X usually indicates a domain/(a subsystem) of the
real
world (domain of intervention).
Ref.
|
| Technology |
Technology
is a validated
set of mental and real tools, materials and components developed by
humans
or artifacts, and directly employed to engineering tasks in the
real
world.
It also
includes manuals,
methods and procedures, therefore, using the AI language; technology is
a set of natural and artificial systems and knowledge about them, being
used in engineering activity.
-
Technologies are
usually divided according to the different physical domains of interest
of their users, materials. and industrial treatments.
For example:
materials technology,
biotechnology, wood elaboration technology, different
production
technologies,
learning technologies, agent technologies....
Ref.
|
Meta
-technology |
Meta-technology
denotes
common systemic knowledge and software tools valid and applicable for
every
technology, it means, domain-independent.
Meta-technology
is a necessary
tool for the engineering development of any particular
technology.
- For
example, mathematical
software libraries and such tools as Math Lab. may be seen as a
meta-technology.
- From the
Cognitive Engineering
perspective: frequently, meta-technology is not conscious for
technology
developers,
it is the
domain of "experience"
and professional intuitions.
Ref (since
2005):
Google search:
meta-technology:
1.430 docs.
|
Cognitive
engineering |
An engineering focused on
the modeling, design and construction of human-like functions such as: perception,
reasoning, inferencing and learning. Its objective is to develop always
more autonomous artificial minds,
intelligence-based
systems,
as well as systems/organizations of intelligent cognitive agents.
Cognitive
engineering uses cognitive
theories and models in order to construct artificial cognitive
systems.
- It is a
cross-disciplinary
engineering.
- Products of
cognitive
engineering can be applied in robotics, cognitive ergonomics,
decision-support, for the simulations
of humans and human organization behaviors (in computational
psychology,
sociology and organizational and managerial research).
|
| Cognitive |
An
ill-defined, descriptive
concept; relaying on the computational interpretations of human mental functions and
processes.
According to the TOGA meta-theory, it is focused on the application
and processing of information, knowledge, preferences and emotions in
the
way based on the identification of human reasoning functions.
Cognitive
functions
can be recognized, modeled and investigated either on the
subsymbolic
neural-networks level - by the analogy to biological brains,
or on the
symbolic reasoning
and meta-reasoning levels, mainly using individual introspection,
communication,
and observation of human beings - by the analogy to human mind's
abstract conscious thinking.
Cognitive
technology is
a set of Artificial Intelligence models, methods, software tools and
products which
are used by cognitive engineering.
In the
context of
abstract-intelligence studies, the analogy to human mind seems to be
more
efficient than to a biological brain, considered here, as one of a
theoretically
possible physical carriers of abstract reasoning (cognitive) functions.
Ref: Cognitive
science (an example only)
|
Business
|
A complex
goal-oriented
activity distributed in time and space and performed by autonomous
intelligent
entities/agents
in their
society. A business
activity has to have an economic dimension.
Business
goals, among other
its attributes, have to have one integrated attribute with a
value
that can be mapped on a measurable well ordered (with a metrix)
one-dimensional
scale commonly accepted and considered mandatory by a human society.
It means,
an activity A considered
as a business activity in a society S1 can be not business activity in
a society S2.
In general,
business is every
material or abstract activity which produces the above value.
For
example, activities involving
risks related to human life and to the loses of unique cultural and
environmental
capital are not satisfy the above requirement.
- Business
concept is closely
related to the value theory (axiology).
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you like to know more?
For the
citation purposes: A.M.Gadomski,
The ConciseTop-Down
TOGA Vocabulary
of Cognitive Engineering (Provisional edition, last
updating 23/09/2004), ENEA,
since 2000, http://erg4146.casaccia.enea.it/Gloss-Ency.htm
©2000-2004,
ENEA. Adam Maria Gadomski. All rights reserved. No permission is
granted
to download and use the material from these pages other than for
viewing
and citation purposes. These are informal MKEM Server
Pages,
representing the opinions of the contributor but not necessarily of
ENEA. |
